- 19 species in North America
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Prosobranchia (Subclass) |
| Family: | Viviparidae |
Identification Tips:
• Relatively large (20-60 mm)
• Operculum marked with off-centre concentric ovals
• Whorls of the shell bulge distinctly
Life History:
• Most common on sandy bottoms
• Feed on organic detritus
| POLLUTION TOLERANCE | ||||
| Very Sensitive | Somewhat Sensitive | Facultative | Somewhat Tolerant | Very Tolerant |
| Most | ||||
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Primary Information Source:
Voshell, J. Reese. 2002. A Guide to Common Freshwater Invertebrates of North America. McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company. Blacksburg, Virginia.